EXAMEN CICLOS FORMATIVOS GRADO SUPERIOR

READ THE TEXT AND DO THE TASKS BELOW

Serguei Povaguin: Russian design in Barcelona.

This Young designer was born in Russia but has lived in Spain for more than a decade now. In this short time, his work has been seen on several Barcelona catwalks, as well as at one or two international shows in Berlin and in collections in Mexico. His first award, a FAD prize for the best Spring-Summer collection 2002, was given to him during his second year of studies at the ESDI school in Sabadell. And the last and final edition of the Gaudí event showed his work in the section dedicated to young designers. A first presentation, if not to society, at least to the media and specialised press that attended.

Movement and particularly dance are the background to his latest works. These are the themes that inspire his collections and bring them to life. His most elaborate works, including his latest Spring-Summer proposals for 2006, have used flamenco and other dances that brought people together in large salons during the 1930s as their source of inspiration. Both of these have been resolved with its characteristic essential style, eliminating excess, and his fascination for the body and its curved shapes.

This imagery comes from his memories and the reference of his country of origin: “I think it comes from having grown up surrounded by snow, as the snow wraps everything in white, creating strong contrasts with the things that don’t get covered”.

(Adapted from the translated article “Serguei Povaguin” by Charo Mora, B-Guided, Spain Winter 2006)

1.ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS

1.1 What was Serguei doing when he got his first award? Paragraph1

1.1……………………………………………………………………………………

1.2. Where has his work been seen up to now? Paragraph 1

1.2.……………………………………………………………………………………

1.3. In what section of the Gaudí event was his work shown? Paragraph 1

1.3……………………………………………………………………………………

1.4. What are the main themes in his collections? Paragraph 2

1.4.……………………………………………………………………………………

1.5. What does he remember from Russia the most? Paragraph 3

1.5.……………………………………………………………………………………

2. WRITE QUESTIONS ACCORDING TO THE UNDERLINED WORDS

2.1. Serguei was born in Russia -....................................................................

2.2. He has lived in Spain for a decade. - ………………………………………..

2.3. He showed his collections in Mexico. - ……………………………………..

2.4.Sergei has worked with some of the best models…………………………..

2.5. He travels to Russia every year -…………………………………………….

3. COMPLETE THE SENTENCES USING THE CORRECT FORM OF THE VERB IN BRACKETS

3.1. John loves travelling. He.................. (visit) a lot of countries.

3.2. If you are not careful you....................... (break) the cups.

3.3 Last week I......................... (lose).my passport.

3.4 He always..................... (buy) the newspaper in the same place.

3.5. Where is the money? We...................... (go) to buy some milk.

4. COMPLETE THIS CONVERSATION: You are being interviewed because you are looking for a new job. Write the questions for your answers.

4.1.Interviewer................................................................................................?

You: I’m from Madrid.

4.2.Interviewer:...............................................................................................?

You: Yes, I’m working in a supermarket in Pozuelo.

4.3.Interviewer:...............................................................................................?

You: Oh, I’m a cashier.

4.4.Interviewer:...............................................................................................?

You: I finished my ESO studies last year.

4.5.Interviewer:….…………………………………………………………………?

You: Yes, I studied English at school and I know a little Italian.

5. PERSONAL QUESTIONS.

5. 1. What kind of films do you like?

………………………………………………………………………………………

5.2. What do you usually do in your free time

………………………………………………………………………………………

5.3. How often do you buy the newspaper?

………………………………………………………………………………………

5.4. Have you ever been to the Opera?

………………………………………………………………………………………

5.5. How many films did you see last year?

………………………………………………………………………………………

6. USE THE CORRECT FORM OF THE ADJECTIVE

6.1. It is much __________ (+ cheap) to book flights and hotel on internet.

6.2. Train travel in Europe is _________ (= cheap) flying nowadays.

6.3. The service with the new manager is _______ (+ bad) than the with the old one.

6.4. It is ________ (- difficult) to place an order with the new software

6.5. She is _________ (superlative / nice) person I´ve ever known

EXAMEN SELECTIVIDAD UNED

Skin art

Prehistoric man was thought to have practised tattooing, that is, puncturing the skin with tools dipped in pigment that left a permanent mark. And mummies with decorative tattoos have been discovered in many parts of the world. Yet for nearly as long as there has been tattooing, there has been condemnation. The Romans considered decorative tattooing barbaric, which is still evident in the Latin word for tattoo, stigma, and used tattoos to mark slaves and criminals. Despite its deep roots in ancient cultures, tattooing had fallen out of practice in Europe by the time Britain's Captain Cook set sail for the Polynesian Islands in 1768.

Though Cook and his men were not the first Europeans to encounter Oceanic tattooing, they were the first to record the practice systematically. Cook also introduced to the English language the word tattoo, taken from the Tahitian. Cook's men did not fully understand the significance of tattooing among the Oceanic people, for whom the designs were symbolic protection against earthly enemies. Yet the sailors were fascinated and eager to be marked themselves. They adopted the practice with gusto, designing mariner motifs of their own. A turtle meant a sailor had crossed the equator, and an anchor that he had sailed the Atlantic. Crucifixion scenes were also popular motifs --a vain attempt to avoid being beaten, as it was hoped no one would dare hit the image of Christ.

Today, all types of people get tattooed. Though the art was adopted from distant cultures and adapted to suit Western tastes, the attraction of tattooing has changed very little.

Provide answers (5-10 lines) to the following four questions on the text using your own words:

1. [1.5 points] Provide a summary of the news presented in this text.
2. [1.5 points] Why didn´t Romans approve of tattooing?
3. [1.5 points] Why did the Polynesian Islanders get tattooed?
   
4. [1.5 points] Why did the sailors choose to have crosses tattooed?.
5. [4 points] Write a composition of approximately 15 lines on the following topic: Why do many young people get tattooed today? Give reasons

EXAMEN SELECTIVIDAD LOE / + 25

Skin art

Prehistoric man was thought to have practised tattooing, that is, puncturing the skin with tools dipped in pigment that left a permanent mark. And mummies with decorative tattoos have been discovered in many parts of the world. Yet for nearly as long as there has been tattooing, there has been condemnation. The Romans considered decorative tattooing barbaric, which is still evident in the Latin word for tattoo, stigma, and used tattoos to mark slaves and criminals. Despite its deep roots in ancient cultures, tattooing had fallen out of practice in Europe by the time Britain's Captain Cook set sail for the Polynesian Islands in 1768.

Though Cook and his men were not the first Europeans to encounter Oceanic tattooing, they were the first to record the practice systematically. Cook also introduced to the English language the word tattoo, taken from the Tahitian. Cook's men did not fully understand the significance of tattooing among the Oceanic people, for whom the designs were symbolic protection against earthly enemies. Yet the sailors were fascinated and eager to be marked themselves. They adopted the practice with gusto, designing mariner motifs of their own. A turtle meant a sailor had crossed the equator, and an anchor that he had sailed the Atlantic. Crucifixion scenes were also popular motifs --a vain attempt to avoid being beaten, as it was hoped no one would dare hit the image of Christ.

Today, all types of people get tattooed. Though the art was adopted from distant cultures and adapted to suit Western tastes, the attraction of tattooing has changed very little.

1. Are the following statements TRUE or FALSE? Copy the evidence from the text. No marks are given for only TRUE or FALSE.

a) Fashionable people in the Roman world had tattoos
b) The origin of the word tattoo in English is unknown.

2, In your own words and based on the ideas in the text, answer the following questions
a) Why did the Polynesian Islanders get tattooed?
b) Why did the sailors choose to have crosses tattooed?.

3. Find the words in the text that mean:

a) embalmed human bodies
b) almost
c) profound
d) completely

4. Complete the following sentences. Use the appropriate form of the words in brackets when given.
a) Before _________ (become) King of England, George V had a dragon tattooed on _____ arm
b) "________does the word stigma mean?" It ________ (mean) a mark or sign of shame
c) Winston´s Churchill´s mother, whose wrist was tattooed with a serpent, _______ (try) to cover _______ with a bracelet when in public.
d) In the past, tattoos were linked to criminals, ________today celebrities ________ (wear) tattoos proudly

5. Write about 100 to 150 words on the following topic: Why do many young people get tattooed today? Give reasons

REPORTED SPEECH

Rewrite these sentences into reported speech

1“Please, don´t smoke here”, she asked him
2.“Could you please order a taxi?” Helen asked Jim
3.“Did anyone try to call an ambulance?” she asked
4.“The boys were collecting money for charity organizations”, he explained
5.“What have you prepared for our meeting?” she asked him
6.“Take this money and put it in your bank”, his mother said
7.“We must fill in our tax returns tomorrow”, he said
8. She asked where I had studied for my first degree (into direct speech)
9.“Did you hear the news last night?” he asked Sarah.
10.“Put these clothes in your room”, she said to me.
11.“Return these books to the library” she said to the pupil
12.“Can you let me use your car, please?” Jane asked her mother
13.“She never laughs at my jokes” Peter said
14.“Where did you park the car last night?” She asked her son
15.“Do you prefer to travel by car or by bus?” Marie asked me
16.“What can I do for these people?” Henry asked himself
17.“Dragons have played an important role in my life” Spielberg said
18.The nurse told the visitors not to make a noise (into direct speech)
19.“Mum, don´t forget to pick me up at five, please”, Susan said
20.“He is studying French now”, she told me
21.“The government will have to resolve the problem of unemployment” a politician argued
22.“When did the government decide to raise taxes?” He wondered
23.“Give me my pen back, please” George said to Lisa
24.I asked Dracula where he was going for his holidays (into direct speech)
25.He said he was going to the Dead Sea (into direct speech)

EJERCICIO VERBOS MODALES

Chosse the most appropriate modal.

1. I think the leg is broken. You ___ go to hospital.
a)might b)could c)ought to d)can

2. She___ come early. Dinner isn´t until 9:00 pm.
a)has to b)must c)needn´t d)can´t

3. There´s been an accident! ___ I call an ambulance?
a)Should b)can c)may d)ought

4. You ___ cheat in exams. It´s forbidden.
a)don´t have to b)mustn´t c)couldn´t d)ought to

5. The bus was badly damaged in the accident, but the children ___ get out through a broken window.
a)can b)had to c)ought to d)were able to

6. If you are interested in a career in sport, you ___ try talking to our tennis coach.
a)could b)mustn´t c)had to d)have got to

7. I can hear the siren now. It ___ be the police.
a)can b)would c)must d)have to

EJERCICIO DE CONECTORES

Choose the correct link in brackets:

About 300 years ago, in Salem, Massachusetts, a terrible witch-hunt took place. Many people were put in prison (1. because of, in order to, since) prejudice and fear. (2. Moreover, Whereas, For example, Beside), several women were accused of being witches, and "wicth-finders" began their terrible work of hunting them down (3. because of, in order to, although) punish them. The witch-finders used many methods of torture (4. so that, in order to, because of) make the prisoners admit that they were witches. Those who refuse to do so were hanged.

(5. Therefore, Owing to, So that, Finally) pressure by Boston´s church leaders, who were worried by the events in Salem, the governor of Massachusetts decided to stop the witch-hunts. (6. Although, However, Despite), by the time 19 people had already been hanged, an one tortured to death.

In 1992, the town of Salem decided to build a memorial to these victims (7. so, so that, in order to) remind people how dangerous prejudice can be.

FIND THE SYNONYMS IN THE TEXT

A new study suggests that the amount of television young children watch may be directly related to attention problems later in school. They may even suffer a condition known as Attention Deficit Disorder or A.D.D. Experts say that A.D.D. involves an over-stimulation of young developing brains and teachers say many children in the United States are showing signs of the disorder. Some education researchers have believed for years that watching television at a very young age could change the normal development of the brain. For example, they say that children who watch a lot of television are not able to sit and read for an extended period of time, show less ability to listen, pay attention, as well as engage in independent problem solving.

This new study tested the idea that television watching by very young children is linked to attention problems by the age of seven. The findings reported that every hour pre-schoolers watch television increases their chances by about ten percent of developing attention deficit problems later in life. For example, children who watched three hours a day were thirty percent more likely to have attention problems than those who watched no television.

One of the researchers said there are other reasons why children should not watch television. Earlier studies have linked it with children becoming too fat and too aggressive. Other experts say the new study is important, but more work needs to be done to confirm the results and better explain the cause and effect.

Find the words in the text that mean:

a) quantity

b) symptoms

c) examined

d) previous

e) long

f) probable

e) joined

f) raises

g) straightly

h) discoveries

PREFIJOS Y SUFIJOS

Es bastante frecuente el uso del sufijo -ful para formar adjetivos en inglés:

wonder (maravilla) > wonderful (maravilloso)
help (ayuda) > helpful (útil, servicial)
peace (paz) > peaceful (pacífico)
harm (daño) > harmful (dañino)
pain (dolor) > painful (doloroso)

También se utiliza bastante el sufijo -ly para formar adverbios (equivaldría al -mente del español)

complete (completo) > completely (completamente)
slow (lento) > slowly (lentamente)
easy (fácil ) > easily (fácilmente)
actual (real) > actually (realmente, en realidad)
sad (triste) > sadly (tristemente)

El sujijo -ness nos sirve para formar nombres abstractos a partir de adjetivos:

happy (feliz) > happiness (felicidad)
dark (oscuro) > darkness (oscuridad)
sad (triste) > sadness ( tristeza)
good (bueno) > goodness (bondad)
lonely (solo, solitario) > loneliness (soledad)

Los prefijos un-, im- (seguidos de p), in-, i- (seguido de l) son negativos (en español in-, im- i-), y nos sirver para formar el antónimo (opposite) de una palabra.

happy (feliz) > unhappy (infeliz, triste)
possible (posible ) > impossible (imposible)
sensitive (sensible) > insensitive (insensible)
legal (legal) > illegal (ilegal)

Ejercicio: intenta saber el significado de las siguientes palabras sin el uso del diccionario.

use (uso, usar) > useful:
polite (educado) > impolite:
bald (calvo) > baldness:
blind (ciego) > blindness:
dress (vestirse) > undress:
conscious (consciente) > unconscious:
conscious (consciente) > consciuousness:
quick (rápido) > quickly:
thank (gracias, agradecer) > thankful:
tidy (ordenado) > untidy:

PAST SIMPLE, PRESENT PERFECT AND PAST PERFECT

1. 1. Bill _________ (buy) a new jacket three week ago.
2. 2. Your room looks very tidy. __________ (you, wash) it?
3. 3. I _________ (be) to London twice this year.
4. 4. “Where is Tom?” “He __________ (leave)”
5. 5. “Where is Tom?” “He __________ (leave) ten minutes ago”
6. 6. Oh! I don´t have my wallet! Someone __________ (steal) my wallet!
7. 7. John __________ (work) in a garage for 5 years. Then he gave it up.
8. 8. The team __________ (play) very well recently, don´t you think?
9. 9. Last night she _________ (arrive) home at ten past nine. She __________ (have) a shower and then she _________ (go) straight to bed because she _________ (be) very tired.
10. 10. How many cigarettes __________ (smoke) today?
11. 11. When __________ (you, stop) smoking?
12. 12. How many races _________ (Fernando Alonso, win) last season?
13. 13. “Is Mary in?” “Oh, I´m sorry. She _________ (go) out” “When exactly __________ (she, go) out?” “About five minutes ago”
14. 14. When I _________ (arrive) at the office, Susan __________ (not, be) there. She _________ (go) home because she __________ (feel) ill.
15. 16. My car is very dirty. I __________ (not, clean) it for weeks.
16. 17. My car was very dirty. I __________ (not, clean) it for weeks.
17. 18. “When ________ (be, you) born?” “I __________ (be) born in 1974.
18. 19. Jim __________ (be) late twice this week.
19. 20. Sam and Susan are married. They __________ (be) married for 5 years.
20. 21. I __________ (never, play) golf in my life.
21. 22. I __________ (not, play) golf last summer.
22. 23. She was very nervous in the plane because she _________ (not, fly) before.
23. 24. I don´t know Mark´s girlfriend. I __________ (never, meet) her.
24. 25. Yesterday I __________ (meet) Susan. She _________ (change) a lot.
25. 26. How long __________ (they, know) each other?
26. 27. I ________ (not, told) them about the accident yet.
27. 28. Mary _________ (not, study) very much this term.
28. 29. I _________ (be) very angry last night because Mary and John ________ (be) late again.
29. 30. Frank _________ (lose) his wallet but now he _________ (find) it.
30. 31. I _________ (not, be) hungry yesterday because I __________ (just, have) lunch.
31. 32. How long _________ (you, know) Bob?
32. 33. Thom _________ (be) unemployed since June.
33. 34. John ________ (live) in Tokyo for five years, but he left in 1993
34. 35. The Titanic ________ (sink) in 1912
35. 36. Somebody ________ (take) my bicycle! Now I'll have to walk home.
36. 37. I ________ (see) the movie Titanic three times. I'm going to see it again tonight.
37. 38. Thomas Edison __________ (invent) the light bulb
38. 39. It's the best car I __________ (ever, have)
39. 40. I ___________ (finish) university three years ago
40. __________ (you, visit) any museum when you were in Rome?
    

FUTUROS: WILL, GOING TO y PRESENT SIMPLE AND PRESENT CONTINUOUS (con valor de futuro)

1. Don´t play with matches. You _________ (burn) your hand.
2. She _________ (give) a party tonight.
3. I bought some warm boots because I _________ (go) skiing
4. The phone is ringing. I _________ (answer) it.
5. What _________ (you/do)tomorrow evening?
6. If you don´t hurry, you _________ (be)late.
7. The new soap opera _________ (begin) next week.
8. You look hungry. I _________ (cook) something to you.
9. What _________ (you, do) on Friday night? I _________ (go) to the cinema
10. Those clouds are very black, aren´t they? I think it _________ (rain)

IRREGULARIDADES AL AÑADIR -S EN LA TERCERA PERSONA SINGULAR DEL PRESENT SIMPLE Y DEL GERUNDIO

Vamos a ver que irregularidades tenemos al añadir la -s de tercera persona singular en afirmativa en el Present Simple:

• Verbos que acaban en -o: go, do añadimos -es: goes, does
• Verbos que acaban en -y: si antes de la -y tenemos vocalañadimos simplemente la -s, por ejemplo: buy, play, staypasarían a buys, plays, stays.
• Verbos que acaban en -y: si antes de la -y tenemos consonante, cambiamos la y por i y añadimos -es, por ejemplo: cry, fly, study pasarían a cries, flies, studies.
• Verbos que acaban en -sh, -ch, -x, -s, por razones fonéticas, añadiríamos -es, por ejemplo: push, watch, fix, pass pasarían a pushes, waches, fixes, passes.

También encontramos algunas irregularidades al formar el gerundio de algunos verbos. Recuerda que el gerundio (-ing) se utiliza en todas las formas continuas.

• Verbos que acaban en -y: en realidad no hay irregularidad. Siempre se añade -ing detrás sin ninguna transformación. Así, buy, play, study, cry, fly pasarían en gerundio a buying, playing, studying, crying, flying.
• Verbos que acaban en -e: quitamos la -e y añadimos -ing. Así come, take, make pasarían a coming, taking, making.
• Verbos que acaban en -ie: quitamos -ie y añadimos -y+ing. Lie, die pasarían a ser lying, dying.
• Verbos que acaban en -l: se dobla la -l y añadimos -ing. Así cancel, travel pasarían a cancelling, travelling.
• Verbos que acaban en consonante-vocal-consonante y además esa es la sílaba tónica, se doblaría la última consonante. Por ejemplo: stop, begin, prefer, put, getpasarían en gerundio a stopping, beginning, preferring, putting, getting. Fijaos que listen, a pesar de acabar enconsonante-vocal-consonante, no es la sílaba tónica, con lo cual no se dobla: listening.

PRESENT SIMPLE OR PRESENT CONTINUOUS

Put the verb into the correct form, present simple or present continuous:

1. My dog __________ (not eat) vegetables.
2. What's that noise? Somebody __________ (practise) the piano.
3. __________ (you, go) to the party next Saturday?
4. Oak trees __________ (grow) very slowly.
5. 'Where is Jane?' 'She __________ (watch) TV in the living room.'
6. She __________ (have) a shower at the moment.
7. I'm looking at that woman, she __________ (wear) a nice dress.
8. My brother __________ (not like) animals.
9. __________ (you, ever, work) at the weekend?
10. I ________(live) in Valencia, though I ________ (stay) in Madrid at the moment
11. Most people __________ (not like) to visit a doctor.
12. Do you know anyone who __________ (speak) Italian?
13. We __________ (go) to the cinema this Friday.
14. They __________ (go) on holiday every winter.
15. John never __________ (go) out in the evening
16. I always ________ (read) before I go to sleep.
17. She ________ (speak) French, but she _________ (not, speak) Italian.
18. Next week we ________ (go) to the theater.
19. (Generally) I ________ (love) Mexican food.
20. Listen! I ________ (try) to explain this to you.
21. Tomorrow I ________ (go) to see my friend.
22. Where is she now? She ________ (walk) home.
23. I ________ (go) to work by train, and my wife __________ (take) the car.
24. I ________ (not smoke) because it's bad for my health.
25. ________ (you, like) chocolate? Yes, I do.
26. What time _________ (the banks, open)?
27. John _________ (talk)to Mary now
28. I __________ (watch) television every night.
29. The children __________ (go, usually) to bed at nine o'clock.
30. __________ (Richard, read) a book at the moment?
31. They _________ (not go) to the theatre very often.
32. I __________ (not speak) English, although I ________ (study) at the moment.
33. Mark __________ (stay) in a hotel at the moment, although he __________ (have) his own flat
34. She ___________ (come) from China, though she ___________ (live) in Chicago just now.
35. He _________ (not, come) for dinner tonight.
36. Look! Louis __________ (sit) alone near the window
37. Excuse me, _______ (speak, you) English?
38. ________ (have, you) a cigarette. No, I _______ (not, smoke)
39. Why _________ (you, laugh) at me?
40. “What _______ (do, she)?” “She’s a dentist, but she _______(not, work) at the moment”
41. I _______ (not, want) to go out. It _______ (rain).
42. Where ________ (you, come) from? From Canada.
43. Jim _________ (visit) his grandparents next weekend
44. I can’t talk to you at the moment. I ________ (work).
45. George is a good tennis player but he _______ (not, play) very often.
46. Tom _____________ (have/shower) at the moment.
47. They ___________ (not/watch) television very often.
48. Listen! Somebody ____________ (sing)
49. She’s tired. She ___________ (want) to go home.
50. How often ________ (you/read) a newspaper?

HORARIO DEL BLOG

El horario del blog de inglés será los martes de 12:00 a 12:50. De todas formas podéis hacer cualquier comentario en el blog en cualquier horario y será respondido en la mayor brevedad posible. Saludos

BIENVENIDOS AL CURSO ONLINE 2010-2011

PROGRAMACIÓN DEL CURSO Y CONSEJOS ÚTILES

Respecto a la planificación del curso, queda configurada del siguiente modo:

- Primer trimestre: temas 1, 2, 3, 4 y 11

- Segundo trimestre: temas 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 y 10

- Tercer trimestre: temas 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 y 18

Evidentemente esta planificación es completamente abierta, y podéis configurar el curso como queráis. Podéis mandar vuestras dudas de cualquier tema. Es fundamental que todos vosotros leáis en inglés lo máximo posible con ayuda de un diccionario: libros por niveles en inglés, textos en inglés sacados de internet, traducir canciones... Esta tarea debe ser constante desde el principio. Es tan importante como conocer los aspectos gramaticales y estructuras del idioma.

Sería importante también trabajar con un vocabulario temático. Es conveniente tener un vocabulario en distintos ámbitos de la lengua. Os recomiendo que antes de realizar una redacción en inglés, busquéis 15 ó 20 palabras que pertenezcan al tema de redacción que os propongan (algunas que conocéis y otras que podéis buscar en el diccionario). Esta metodología os ayudará a recordar vocabulario de algunos temas concretos.

Además, en este primer trimestre, aparte del trabajo con vocabulario, es fundamental el conocimiento de todos los tiempos verbales, los verbos irregulares y los conectores (tema 11), para cohesionar las redacciones. Cada semana os iré enviando ejercicios diversos sobre los temas incluidos en el primer trimestre. En diferentes entradas de este blog podréis encontrar diferentes ejercicios.

También podéis hacer los ejercicios que aparecen en cada tema de vuestro libro y corregirlos vosotros mismos, ya que aparece un solucionario en el propio temario. Al final del temario aparecen varios modelos de examen que podéis realizar. De todas formas, si tenéis cualquier duda, podéis hacerla a través del blog.

Ánimo y trabajad mucho, tanto la gramática como el vocabulario con la práctica de la lectura. Un saludo

Prefijos y sufijos

Es bastante frecuente el uso del sufijo -ful para formar adjetivos en inglés:

wonder (maravilla) > wonderful (maravilloso)
help (ayuda) > helpful (útil, servicial)
peace (paz) > peaceful (pacífico)
harm (daño) > harmful (dañino)
pain (dolor) > painful (doloroso)

También se utiliza bastante el sufijo -ly para formar adverbios (equivaldría al -mente del español)

complete (completo) > completely (completamente)
slow (lento) > slowly (lentamente)
easy (fácil ) > easily (fácilmente)
actual (real) > actually (realmente, en realidad)
sad (triste) > sadly (tristemente)

El sujijo -ness nos sirve para formar nombres abstractos a partir de adjetivos:

happy (feliz) > happiness (felicidad)
dark (oscuro) > darkness (oscuridad)
sad (triste) > sadness ( tristeza)
good (bueno) > goodness (bondad)
lonely (solo, solitario) > loneliness (soledad)

Los prefijos un-, im- (seguido de p), in-, i- (seguido de l) son negativos (en español in-, im- i-), y nos sirver para formar el antónimo (opposite) de una palabra.

happy (feliz) > unhappy (infeliz, triste)
possible (posible ) > impossible (imposible)
sensitive (sensible) > insensitive (insensible)
legal (legal) > illegal (ilegal)

Ejercicio: intenta saber el significado de las siguientes palabras sin el uso del diccionario.

use (uso, usar) > useful:
polite (educado) > impolite:
bald (calvo) > baldness:
blind (ciego) > blindness:
dress (vestirse) > undress:
conscious (consciente) > unconscious:
conscious (consciente) > consciuousness:
quick (rápido) > quickly:
thank (gracias, agradecer) > thankful:
tidy (ordenado) > untidy:

Ejercicio de conectores

Choose the correct link in brackets:

About 300 years ago, in Salem, Massachusetts, a terrible witch-hunt took place. Many people were put in prison (1. because of, in order to, since) prejudice and fear. (2. Moreover, Whereas, For example, Beside), several women were accused of being witches, and "wicth-finders" began their terrible work of hunting them down (3. because of, in order to, although) punish them. The witch-finders used many methods of torture (4. so that, in order to, because of) make the prisoners admit that they were witches. Those who refuse to do so were hanged.

(5. Therefore, Owing to, So that, Finally) pressure by Boston´s church leaders, who were worried by the events in Salem, the governor of Massachusetts decided to stop the witch-hunts. (6. Although, However, Despite), by the time 19 people had already been hanged, an one tortured to death.

In 1992, the town of Salem decided to build a memorial to these victims (7. so, so that, in order to) remind people how dangerous prejudice can be.

VERBOS MODALES

Choose the most appropriate modal.

1. I think the leg is broken. You ___ go to hospital.
a)might b)could
c)ought to d)can

2. She___ come early. Dinner isn´t until 9:00 pm.
a)has to b)must
c)needn´t d)can´t

3. There´s been an accident! ___ I call an ambulance?
a)Should b)can
c)may d)ought

4. You ___ cheat in exams. It´s forbidden.
a)don´t have to b)mustn´t
c)couldn´t d)ought to

5. The bus was badly damaged in the accident, but the children ___ get out through a broken window.
a)can b)had to
c)ought to d)were able to

6. If you are interested in a career in sport, you ___ try talking to our tennis coach.
a)could b)mustn´t
c)had to d)have got to

7. I can hear the siren now. It ___ be the police.
a)can b)would
c)must d)have to